Python, Django, error message: TypeError: abyteslikeobjectisrequired, not’str’

My code，a test class：

class LoginActionTest(TestCase):
# Test login action
def setUp(self):
User.objects.create_user('admin1','admin1@qq.com','admin123456')
#Data initialization&# xff0c;Create a user
def test_login_action_username_password_null(self):
# Account password is empty
testdata1={'username':'' ,'password':''}
response1=self.client.post('/login_action/',data=testdata1 )
self.assertEqual(response1.status_code,200)
self.assertIn('Wrong username or password',response1.content)

After running The error is reported as follows：

Then I searched online for this error report ，It basically means there is an escaping problem，Reference document：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45250235/ flask-unit-testing-and-not-understanding-my-fix-for-typeerror-a-bytes-like-obj

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41185868/article/details/ 83833262

https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaijiahui/p/6926159.html

Then I tried to print out my response1.content， and found that in the printed content There is a b， as shown below.

Solution&#xff1a ;According to those reference documents, “then I now have two methods”: one is to remove the b, and the other is to transfer it again.

I didn’t check how to remove b，Here I used the second method，The code is as follows：

self.assertIn(' Username or password is wrong', response1.content.decode('utf-8'))

Solved

Redirect: https://www.cnblogs.com/ss0202go/p/11099306.html